Front Cover	1
	A History of Immunology	4
	Copyright Page	5
	Dedication	6
	Contents	8
	List of plates	10
	Foreword: On history and historians	12
	Preface to the second edition	18
	Preface to the first edition	20
	Colophon	23
	Part One Intellectual History	24
	Chapter 1 Theories of acquired immunity	26
	Magic and theurgic origin of disease	28
	Expulsion theories of acquired immunity	30
	A distension theory: iatrophysics	33
	Depletion theories	35
	The retention theory and other concepts	41
	Notes and references	44
	Chapter 2 Cellular vs humoral immunity	48
	Background to the conflict	49
	Cellular vs humoral immunity	55
	Consequences of the humoralist victory	61
	Notes and references	63
	Chapter 3 Theories of antibody formation	66
	Antigen-incorporation theories	67
	The first selection theory	70
	Instruction theories	72
	Selection theories	81
	Conclusions	86
	Notes and references	87
	Chapter 4 The generation of antibody diversity: the germline/somatic mutation debate	92
	The background: the ever-enlarging repertoire	92
	The cornerstones of the opposing positions	93
	Resolution of the debate	98
	The evolutionary paradox	100
	Notes and references	104
	Chapter 5 The clonal selection theory challenged: the ‘‘immunological self’’	108
	Challenges to clonal selection	108
	The clonal selection theory	110
	Notes and references	116
	Chapter 6 The concept of immunologic specificity	120
	The background to biological specificity	121
	Paul Ehrlich: specific receptors	125
	The Ehrlich-Bordet debates	130
	The Ehrlich-Gruber debate	134
	Karl Landsteiner, The Compleat Immunochemist	137
	Specificity and theories of antibody formation	142
	Notes and references	145
	Chapter 7 Immunologic specificity: solutions	152
	The structural basis of immunological specificity	153
	Specificity in cellular immunity	161
	Specific triggers and nonspecific amplifiers	166
	Specificity and repertoire size	168
	Conclusions	170
	Notes and references	170
	Chapter 8 Horror autotoxicus: the concept ofnbspautoimmunity1	176
	The real meaning of horror autotoxicus	177
	The ‘‘classical period’’ of autoimmunity research	179
	The Dark Ages of autoimmunity research	184
	The modern period of autoimmunity research	187
	Conclusions	194
	Notes and references	195
	Chapter 9 Allergy and immunopathology: thenbsp‘‘price’’ of immunity	200
	Early observations4	201
	The debate on the mechanism of allergy	203
	Progress in allergy - the clinical discipline46	209
	The concept of ‘‘allergy of infection’’	212
	Progress on delayed (tuberculin)-type hypersensitivity	216
	Other immunopathologic processes	221
	Immunologic deficiency diseases	223
	Conclusions	225
	Notes and references	226
	Chapter 10 Anti-antibodies and anti-idiotype immunoregulation 1899-1904	234
	Idiotypes and anti-idiotypes, 1963-1985	235
	The background to anti-antibodies, 1890-1899	239
	Anti-antibodies, 1899-1904	242
	The demise of anti-antibody theories, 1901-1905	248
	Conclusions	249
	Notes and references	250
	Chapter 11 Transplantation and immunogenetics	254
	Transplantation biology	255
	The renaissance of transplantation biology	263
	Progress in transplantation research	267
	Immunogenetics76	271
	Notes and references	276
	Part Two Social History	282
	Chapter 12 The uses of antibody: magic bullets and magic markers	284
	Immunotherapy	285
	Immunodiagnosis	292
	Identification, assay, and localization	296
	Taxonomy and anthropology	302
	Forensic pathology	303
	Comment	304
	Notes and references	305
	Chapter 13 The royal experiment: 1721-1722	314
	Smallpox and its prevention	314
	The introduction of inoculation into England	315
	The royal experiment	318
	Discussion	321
	Notes and references	324
	Chapter 14 The languages of immunological dispute	328
	The Donath-Landsteiner discovery: 1904	328
	Linguistic aspects of the great immunological debate	330
	Karl Landsteiner’s scientific style	336
	Contemporary views of the Donath-Landsteiner report	338
	The lexicon of scientific dispute	341
	Notes and references	343
	Chapter 15 The search for cell-bound antibodies: on the influence of dogma	348
	The historical background to the problem	349
	The hegemony of the antibody paradigm	351
	The search for IgT	353
	Resolution: T and B cells and the TCR	354
	Comment	355
	Notes and references	356
	Chapter 16 ‘‘Natural’’ antibodies and ‘‘virgin’’ lymphocytes: the importance of context	360
	‘‘Natural’’ antibodies	360
	‘‘Virgin’’ lymphocytes	365
	Notes and references	368
	Chapter 17 The dynamics of conceptual change in immunology	370
	The research program of early immunology	371
	The fate of the early research programs	375
	The rise of immunochemistry	377
	The immunobiological revolution	380
	Comment	382
	Notes and references	384
	Chapter 18 Immunology in transition 1951-1972: the role of international meetings and discipline leaders1	390
	Immunological meetings, 1951-1972	391
	The disciplinary leadership of immunology, 1951-1972	394
	The inner dynamics of immunology, 1951-1972	397
	Comment	406
	Notes and references	407
	Immunological meetings, 1951-1972	411
	1951	411
	1953	411
	1954	411
	1955	411
	1956	412
	1957	412
	1958	412
	1959	412
	1960	412
	1961	413
	1962	413
	1963	413
	1964	413
	1965	414
	1966	414
	1967	414
	1968	415
	1969	415
	1970	415
	1971	416
	1972	416
	Chapter 19 The emergence of subdisciplines	418
	Ocular immunology	419
	Pediatric immunology	425
	Immunophysiology	430
	Comment	436
	Notes and references	437
	Chapter 20 Immune hemolysis: on the value of experimental systems	444
	Background to the discovery	444
	Conceptual consequences	445
	Practical consequences of immune hemolysis	448
	Comments	450
	Notes and references	451
	Chapter 21 Darwinism and immunology: from Metchnikoff to Burnet	454
	The struggle for existence	455
	Immunochemistry: immunology without Darwin	457
	Immunobiology: Darwin returns to immunology	458
	Darwinism triumphant	459
	Notes and references	460
	Chapter 22 The end of immunology?	464
	Declarations of ‘‘the end’’ in other fields	465
	Silent decisions to leave immunology	466
	Silent decisions to join immunology	467
	Other examples of discipline shift	469
	Comment	470
	Notes and references	472
	Appendix A - The calendar of immunologic progress	478
	A1. Epochs in immunology	478
	A2. Seminal discoveries	481
	A3: Important books in immunology, 1892–1968	483
	Appendix B - Nobel Prize highlights in immunology	488
	Appendix C - Biographical dictionary	498
	Author Index	526
	Subject Index	540