PREFACE	6
	TABLE OF CONTENTS	7
	CHAPTER 1 SPT- AND CPT-BASED RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE RESIDUAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF LIQUEFIED SOILS	21
	1. Introduction	21
	2. Case history studies	23
	3. SPT-based correlation for residual strength	27
	4. CPT-based correlation for residual strength	32
	5. Concluding remarks	37
	Acknowledgments	40
	REFERENCES	41
	CHAPTER 2 LONG PERIOD STRONG GROUND MOTION AND ITS USE AS INPUT TO DISPLACEMENT BASED DESIGN	43
	1. Introduction	43
	2. Empirical prediction of displacement spectral response (DRS) over a broad period range	44
	3. Response of alluvium filled valleys and basins	57
	4. Overdamped spectra	63
	5. Hazard representations in spectral displacements	64
	Acknowledgements	68
	Notes	68
	REFERENCES	69
	CHAPTER 3 SITE EFFECTS: FROM OBSERVATION AND MODELLING TO ACCOUNTING FOR THEM IN BUILDING CODES	73
	1. Introduction	73
	2. Estimation of site effects	75
	3. Modelling site effects. The importance of the model	81
	4. Accounting for site effects in building codes	87
	5. Concluding remarks	89
	Acknowledgements	90
	REFERENCES	90
	CHAPTER 4 SOURCE AND SITE FACTORS IN MICROZONATION	93
	1. Introduction	93
	2. Input motion	94
	3. Site characterisation	98
	4. Microzonation	100
	5. Spectral accelerations for vulnerability assessments	106
	6. Conclusions	109
	Acknowledgements	110
	REFERENCES	110
	CHAPTER 5 A REVIEW OF LARGE-SCALE TESTING FACILITIES IN GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING	113
	1. Introduction	113
	2. Instrumented test sites	115
	3. Mobile laboratories	126
	4. Large-scale testing facilities	133
	5. Earthquake loading aboard geotechnical centrifuges	138
	6. International collaboration	143
	7. Summary and conclusions	147
	REFERENCES	147
	CHAPTER 6 MODELLING OF DYNAMIC SOIL PROBLEMS	151
	1. Introduction	151
	2. Constitutive modelling framework	152
	3. Fabric, soil stiffness and laboratory geophysics	153
	4. NEMISREF mitigation of foundation response	157
	5. Macroelement analysis	162
	6. Conclusions	167
	Acknowledgements	168
	REFERENCES	168
	CHAPTER 7 FIELD SEISMIC TESTING IN GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING	171
	1. Introduction	171
	2. Deeper seismic profiling	172
	3. In-situ parametric studies	174
	4. Conclusions	176
	Acknowledgments	177
	REFERENCES	177
	CHAPTER 8 LIQUEFACTION STRENGTHS OF POORLY-GRADED AND WELL-GRADED GRANULAR SOILS INVESTIGATED BY LAB TESTS	179
	1. Introduction	179
	2. Effect of grain size curve on S-wave velocity and N-value	183
	3. Effect of grain size distribution on cyclic strength	189
	4. Effect of particle gradation on post-liquefaction behavior	198
	5. Conclusions	202
	Acknowledgments	203
	REFERENCES	203
	CHAPTER 9 SHALLOW AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS UNDER FAULT RUPTURE OR STRONG SEISMIC SHAKING	205
	1. Introduction	205
	2. Fault-rupture propagation and its interaction with foundations	206
	3. Nonlinear response of shallow foundations to strong seismic excitation	221
	Acknowledgements	230
	REFERENCES	230
	CHAPTER 10 SEISMIC DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE FOUNDATIONS	237
	1. Introduction	237
	2. Ultimate limit state design of shallow foundations in Eurocode 8	238
	3. Serviceability limit state design of shallow foundations for earthquake loading	244
	4. Spring models for shallow foundations on soil	248
	5. Integrated design of structure-foundation systems	255
	6. Conclusions	261
	REFERENCES	261
	CHAPTER 11 LIQUEFACTION PERFORMANCE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS IN PRESENCE OF A SOIL CRUST	265
	1. Introduction	265
	2. Existing background	266
	3. Numerical analysis of liquefaction performance	273
	4. Evaluation of degraded bearing capacity	276
	5. Evaluation of liquefaction settlements	280
	6. Performance-based design issues	286
	7. Concluding remarks	291
	Acknowledgments	293
	REFERENCES	293
	CHAPTER 12 SEISMIC DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATIONS FOR LIQUEFACTION EFFECTS	297
	1. Introduction	297
	2. Pile groups in laterally spreading ground	298
	3. Pinning effects for approach embankments	312
	4. Other issues and considerations	319
	5. Summary remarks	320
	Acknowledgments	320
	REFERENCES	321
	CHAPTER 13 SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES	323
	1. Introduction	323
	2. Assemblage of soil particles	324
	3. Some findings on seismic analysis	330
	4. Performance-based design	336
	5. Emerging trends in design	340
	6. Designing large urban areas against combined hazards	341
	7. Conclusions	343
	REFERENCES	344
	CHAPTER 14 SIMPLIFIED SEISMIC SLOPE DISPLACEMENT PROCEDURES	347
	1. Introduction	347
	2. Seismic displacement analysis	348
	3. Components of a seismic displacement analysis	349
	4. Critique of some simplified seismic displacement methods	354
	5. Bray and Travasarou (2007) simplified seismic displacement procedure	360
	6. Conclusions	370
	Acknowledgments	370
	REFERENCES	371
	CHAPTER 15 DEVELOPMENTS OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR MITIGATION OF LIQUEFACTION RISK	375
	1. Introduction	375
	2. Sand densification	376
	3. Soil improvement by grouting	385
	4. Dissipation of excess pore water pressure	396
	5. Conclusion	402
	Acknowledgements	402
	REFERENCES	402
	CHAPTER 16 REMEDIATION METHODS AGAINST LIQUEFACTION WHICH CAN BE APPLIED TO EXISTING STRUCTURES	405
	1. Introduction	405
	2. Remediation methods against liquefaction compiled in 1993 ( partially quoted from Yasuda, 2005a)	406
	3. Restrictions to be considered in remediation techniques for existing structures	406
	4. Remediation methods for existing raft foundations	410
	5. Remediation methods for existing pile foundations	413
	6. Remediation methods for existing embankments	414
	7. Remediation methods for existing sea walls	416
	8. Remediation methods for existing buried structures	418
	9. Remediation methods for existing structures affected by ground flow	420
	10. Concluding remarks	424
	REFERENCES	425
	CHAPTER 17 LIFELINE PERFORMANCE UNDER EXTREME LOADING DURING EARTHQUAKES	427
	1. Introduction	427
	2. Geotechnical earthquake loading	429
	3. Lifeline system response to earthquakes	431
	4. Large-scale tests of ground rupture effects on steel pipelines with elbows	436
	5. Lateral soil-structure interaction during ground failure	438
	6. Large-scale tests of ground rupture effects on HDPE pipelines	445
	7. Concluding remarks	449
	Acknowledgments	450
	REFERENCES	451
	CHAPTER 18 SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES UNDER TRANSIENT GROUND DEFORMATIONS	453
	1. Introduction	453
	2. Earthquake-induced transient ground strains	455
	3. Hazard maps and seismic risk assessment of underground pipeline systems	465
	4. Application examples	467
	5. Conclusions	476
	Acknowledgments	476
	REFERENCES	477
	CHAPTER 19 ISSUES IN SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS	481
	1. Introduction	481
	2. Overview of transportation risk assessment	483
	3. Application to the San Francisco Bay Area Transportation Network	492
	4. Conclusions	499
	Acknowledgment	499
	REFERENCES	499
	Index	501