CONTENTS	8
	FOREWORD	12
	PREFACE	14
	NOTE ON GENDER-INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE	18
	1. INTRODUCTION	19
	1 AIMS AND LIMITATIONS	20
	2 METHODOLOGY	22
	3 WHAT IS A GOOD ARGUMENT?	26
	4 OVERVIEW	28
	NOTES	29
	2. BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM OF EVIL	35
	1 ORTHODOX THEISM	35
	2 THE PROBLEM OF EVIL	41
	Philosophical Background	41
	Historical Background	51
	NOTES	53
	3. ROWES EVIDENTIAL ARGUMENTS FROM EVIL	65
	1 THE EARLY ROWE (1978 - 86)	65
	The 1979 Argument	67
	The Theological Premise	68
	The Factual Premise	69
	Wykstra on Rowes Case in Support of the	73
	Factual Premise	73
	2 THE MIDDLE ROWE (1988 - 95)	75
	The Factual Premise Revisited	75
	The Inference from P to Q	76
	The Structure of the Argument	79
	3 THE LATE ROWE (1996 - PRESENT)	80
	Rowes New Evidential Argument	80
	Atheism or Agnosticism?	85
	Rowes Resurrection of the " Middle"	86
	Argument from Evil	86
	NOTES	89
	4. WHAT NO EYE HAS SEEN: THE EPISTEMIC FOUNDATIONS OF WYKSTRAS CORNEA CRITIQUE	95
	1 THE ORIGINAL CORNEA	96
	2 THE PROBLEM WITH C1	100
	3 CORNEA AND THE PRINCIPLE OF CREDULITY	102
	4 COUNTEREXAMPLES TO C2–C4	106
	5 C4 AND NOSEEUM INFERENCES	108
	NOTES	110
	5. CORNEA APPLIED TO ROWES EVIDENTIAL ARGUMENT	117
	1 APPLYING C42 TO ROWE’S ARGUMENTS	117
	2 ROWES RESPONSE TO CORNEA	119
	3 CORNEA AND THE BURDEN OF REASONABILITY	119
	4 ROWE ON STEP 2 OF WYKSTRAS CORNEA CRITIQUE	122
	5 WYKSTRAS ARGUMENT - ROWES VERSION	124
	The RST - EST Distinction	126
	The Inference from (5) to (6) Re-examined	127
	The Prospects for EST	128
	Rowes Restriction to RST	134
	6 WYKSTRAS ARGUMENT - THE ANALOGICAL VERSION	136
	Analogical Reasoning	137
	Rowes Critique of Wykstras Parent Analogy	139
	Wykstras Revised Parent Analogy	140
	Rowes Critique of the New Parent Analogy	142
	NOTES	146
	6. FURTHER OBJECTIONS TO ROWES NOSEEUM ASSUMPTION	153
	1 HOWARD-SNYDER’S ARGUMENT FROM COMPLEX GOODS	153
	2 DURSTONS ARGUMENT FROM THE COMPLEXITY OF HISTORY	156
	3 THE PROGRESS ARGUMENT	163
	4 ALSTONS ANALOGIES	172
	NOTES	175
	7. IN SUPPORT OF THE INFERENCE FROM INSCRUTABLE TO POINTLESS EVIL	181
	1 THE ARGUMENT FROM MORAL SCEPTICISM	181
	2 ROWES CASE IN SUPPORT OF RNA	192
	Case 1	196
	Case 2	196
	3 CONCLUDING REMARKS	199
	NOTES	199
	8. THE PROBLEM OF DIVINE HIDDENNESS	207
	1 WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?	207
	2 ANALOGIES IN SUPPORT OF RNA4	209
	3 THE CASE AGAINST RNA4	212
	The Sceptical Theist Response	212
	The Appeal to Human Freedom	215
	4 IN CONCLUSION	234
	NOTES	235
	9. META-THEODICY: ADEQUACY CONDITIONS FOR THEODICY	245
	1 THE EVILS TO BE EXPLAINED	246
	2 THE GOODS TO BE INVOKED	251
	T3 HE NATURE OF THEODICAL EXPLANATION	256
	4 SUMMARY	260
	NOTES	261
	10. THEODICY PROPER, OR CASTING LIGHT ON THE WAYS OF GOD: HORRENDOUS MORAL EVIL	269
	1 SKETCH OF A THEODICY	269
	2 PROBLEM I: CURTAILING THE EXERCISE OF FREE WILL	274
	3 PROBLEM II: NECESSARY EVILS?	279
	Tiernos " Adequacy Argument" Against Free Will Theodicies	279
	The Inadequacy of Tiernos " Adequacy Argument"	281
	4 CONCLUSION	287
	NOTES	287
	11. THEODICIES FOR NATURAL EVIL	293
	1 SOUL-MAKING AND NATURAL EVIL	294
	2 SWINBURNES FREE WILL THEODICY	297
	3 REICHENBACH’S NATURAL LAW THEODICY	305
	4 CONCLUSION	313
	NOTES	314
	12. THE COMPATIBILITY OF GRATUITOUS EVIL WITH THEISM	321
	1 VAN INWAGEN’S GOD OF CHANCE	322
	2 VAN INWAGEN’S NO MINIMUM THESIS	327
	3 TAKING THE STING OUT OF THE NO MINIMUM THESIS	332
	4 PETERSON’S REJECTION OF METICULOUS PROVIDENCE	335
	Peterson on the Defensive	336
	Peterson on the Offensive	338
	4 CONCLUSION	342
	NOTES	343
	13. CONCLUSION: IS ROWES EVIDENTIAL ARGUMENT SUCCESSFUL?	351
	1 THE " G.E. MOORE SHIFT"	352
	2 RECONCEIVING GOD	355
	Rejecting Gods Perfect Goodness	355
	Rejecting Divine Omnipotence	356
	The Worship - Worthiness of God	358
	3 CONCLUDING REMARKS	359
	NOTES	360
	BIBLIOGRAPHY	365
	INDEX	387