A Guide to Functional Analytic Psychotherapy	2
	Preface	5
	Acknowledgments	7
	Contents	10
	Primary Authors	12
	Contributing Authors	14
	What is Functional Analytic Psychotherapy?	16
	Basic Behavioral Concepts Underlying FAP	18
	Behavior as Action	19
	Functional Analysis Versus Topographical Analysis	20
	Reinforcement	23
	A Behavioral View of Psychotherapy	26
	FAP’s ‘Here and Now’ Therapeutic Focus	27
	Clinically Relevant Behavior	27
	A Behavioral Cosmology	30
	Experiential Exercise	32
	References	33
	Lines of Evidence in Support of FAP	35
	The Therapeutic Alliance	36
	Principles of FAP	38
	CRBs are Evoked by the Therapeutic Context	38
	CRBs can be Shaped Through Application of Contingencies in the Therapeutic Relationship	39
	The Importance of Natural Reinforcement	41
	Existing Research on FAP Principles	44
	Conclusion	46
	References	46
	Assessment and Case Conceptualization	51
	The Context of Assessment	52
	An Overview of Functional Idiographic Assessment	52
	Assessment Over the Course of Therapy	56
	Tactics in Practical Case Formulation	57
	Life History	58
	Goals and Values	59
	Behavior Outside of Session (Os)	60
	Clinically Relevant Behaviors (CRBs)	61
	Assessment of Antecedents, Behavioral Repertoires and Consequences	62
	Structured Case Formulation Using the Functional Idiographic Assessment Template (FIAT)	64
	Case Example: Identifying FIAT Classes	68
	Client Self-Monitoring During Treatment	69
	Assessment of the Therapist	70
	Therapist Stimulus Functions	71
	T1s (Therapist Problem Behaviors) and T2s (Therapist Target Behaviors)	72
	Possible Roadblocks to Assessment	72
	References	73
	Therapeutic Technique: The Five Rules	74
	Rule 1: Watch for CRBs (Be Aware)	75
	Being Aware of Therapeutic Situations that Frequently Evoke CRBs	76
	Using One’s Own Reactions as a Barometer	76
	Identification of Possible CRBs Based on FIAT-Q Responses	77
	Detecting Hidden Meaning in Verbal Behavior	79
	Rule 2: Evoke CRBs (Be Courageous)	83
	Structuring the Therapy to be Evocative	84
	Using Evocative Therapeutic Methods	87
	Using Oneself as an Instrument of Change	95
	Rule 3: Reinforce CRB2s Naturally (Be Therapeutically Loving)	96
	Responding to CRB1s Effectively	97
	Being Governed by Clients’ Best Interests and Reinforced by Their Improvements	98
	Having Clients’ Goal Repertoires	98
	Matching One’s Expectations with Clients’ Current Repertoires	99
	Amplifying One’s Feelings to Increase Their Salience	100
	Rule 4: Observe the Potentially Reinforcing Effects of Therapist Behavior in Relation to Client CRBs (Be Aware of One’s Impact)	103
	Rule 5: Provide Functional Analytically Informed Interpretations and Implement Generalization Strategies (Interpret and Generalize)	105
	Parallels Between In-Session and Daily Life Behaviors	106
	Assigning Homework	109
	Ethical Issues and Precautions	111
	Avoid Sexual Exploitation	111
	Be Aware of Cultural Biases	111
	Do Not Continue a Non-Beneficial Treatment	111
	Competence in Conducting FAP	112
	Conclusion	114
	References	114
	Self and Mindfulness1,2	116
	A Behavioral View of Self	117
	The Experience of Self	117
	Development of the Sense of Self	119
	Mindfulness	124
	A Behavioral View of Mindfulness	124
	Therapeutic Mindfulness	127
	Clinical Implications for Problems of the Self	127
	Reinforce Talking in the Absence of Specific External Cues	128
	Match Therapeutic Tasks to the Level of Private Control in Client’s Repertoire	129
	Reinforce as Many Client ‘I x’ Statements as Possible	130
	Clinical Implications and Techniques for Promoting Mindfulness	132
	Self-Observation or ‘Being Aware That You Are Seeing’	132
	Awareness/Relaxation/Acceptance Exercise (ARA)	134
	Case Example: Exposure and Response Prevention, FAP and Mindfulness for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	136
	Conclusion	141
	References	141
	Intimacy	144
	Intimacy is Clinically Important	145
	Intimacy Involves Expressing Thoughts and Feelings That Can Feel Difficult and Risky	146
	Intimacy Involves Being Attached or Connected to Others	147
	Therapeutic Implications	148
	Reinforce Interpersonally Vulnerable Behavior	148
	Specific Techniques	149
	Discuss and Assess Attachment and Connection	151
	Case Example	152
	Conclusion	155
	References	156
	The Course of Therapy: Beginning, Middle and End Phases of FAP	158
	Prior to Therapy	159
	Beginning Phase of Therapy	159
	Creating Trust and Safety	160
	Instilling Hope	161
	Taking the Time to Form a Meaningful Relationship	161
	Therapy Forms	162
	Beginning Therapy with ‘Alicia’	163
	Middle Phase of Therapy	166
	Focus on Avoidance	167
	A Typical Ideal FAP Interaction	168
	The Middle of Therapy with ‘Alicia’	170
	End Phase of Therapy	174
	References	177
	Supervision and Therapist Self-Development	179
	Goals of FAP Supervision	180
	FAP Individual Supervision Methods	183
	Create a ‘Sacred’ Space for Supervision	183
	Focus on In-Vivo Work When Appropriate	185
	Group Training Modalities	194
	Group Supervision Model (University of Nevada, Reno)	194
	FAP Practicum Model (University of Washington)	202
	Ethics and Precautions in FAP Supervision	204
	FAP is Difficult to Do	204
	Boundary Issues (Supervision Versus Therapy)	207
	Power Differential	207
	Creating a Therapist Case Conceptualization	208
	Conclusion	209
	References	210
	Values in Therapy and Green FAP	211
	The Role of Therapists’ Personal Values in Psychotherapy	212
	Implementing Green FAP Values	214
	Naturally Occurring Implementation of Green FAP during FAP	214
	Direct Implementation of Green FAP	215
	Conclusion	223
	References	223
	Appendices	225
	Index	237