Series Preface	8
	Addendum to the Series Preface	11
	Volume Preface to the Second Edition	12
	Volume Preface to the First Edition	14
	Contents	15
	List of Contributors	17
	Pathogens	20
	1 Trichomycetes and the Arthropod Gut	21
	I. Introduction	21
	II. Effects of Gut Fungi on Arthropods	26
	III. Effects of Arthropods on Gut Fungi	30
	IV. Physiology of Trichomycetes In Vitro	33
	V. Conclusions	35
	References	36
	2 Opportunistic Mold Infections	38
	I. Introduction	38
	II. Aspergillosis	38
	III. Mucormycosis	42
	IV. Infections Caused by Fusarium spp.	44
	V. Infections Caused by Pseudallescheria boydii	44
	VI. Dematiaceous Molds	45
	VII. Rare Agents	45
	VIII. Conclusions	45
	References	46
	3 Entomopathogenic Fungi: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology	50
	I. Introduction	50
	II. Life Cycle and Mass Culturing	50
	III. Biochemical Aspects of Disease Development	52
	IV. Physico-Chemical Aspects of Disease Development	59
	V. Genetics and Molecular Biology of Disease Development	65
	VI. Conclusions and Perspectives	69
	References	70
	4 Physiology and Metabolic Requirements of Pathogenic Fungi	79
	I. Introduction	79
	II. Impact of Phospholipases on Membrane Destruction	80
	III. Fatty Acid Metabolism and the Glyoxylate Cycle	83
	IV. Impact of Proteases and Peptidases on Virulence	87
	V. Role of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Metabolism in the Virulence of Pathogenic Fungi	92
	VI. Conclusion	94
	References	95
	5 CO2-Sensing and Virulence of Candida albicans	99
	I. Introduction	99
	II. CO	100
	Sensing and Signalling	100
	III. Chemosensing of CO	102
	Bicarbonate	102
	IV. Signalling Pathways Involving Adenylyl Cyclase	103
	V. Potential CO	106
	Transporters or Receptors	106
	VI. Integration of Sensing and Metabolism	107
	VII. Conclusions	107
	References	107
	6 Hyphal Growth and Virulence in Candida albicans	111
	I. Introduction	111
	II. Comparison of Yeast and Hyphal Growth	111
	III. Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Hyphal Growth	118
	IV. Role of Hyphal Growth as a Virulence Factor	123
	V. Conclusions	125
	References	126
	7 Pathogenicity of Malassezia Yeasts	131
	I. Introduction – Historical and Current Taxonomy	131
	II. Phylogeny and Identification	132
	III. Epidemiology in Man and in Animals	134
	IV. Physiology and Biochemistry	135
	V. Host–Pathogen Interactions	143
	VI. Malassezia Yeasts in Human and Animal Disease	150
	VII. Conclusion	156
	References	157
	Techniques	168
	8 Proteomics and its Application to the Human-Pathogenic Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans	169
	I. Introduction	169
	II. Methods of Proteome Analysis	171
	III. 2D Gel Electrophoresis	171
	IV. Gel-Independent Techniques	177
	V. Sample Fractionation to Identify Low- Abundant Proteins	179
	VI. Standard Development	181
	VII. Proteomics of Human-Pathogenic Fungi	182
	VIII. Conclusion: Towards Integrative Analysis – Systems Biology	191
	References	191
	9 Transcriptomics of the Fungal Pathogens, Focusing on Candida albicans	201
	I. Introduction	201
	II. Transcriptomics of Fungal Pathogens	207
	III. Transcriptomics of Candida albicans	208
	IV. Conclusions	231
	References	232
	Host	237
	10 Yeast Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts	238
	I. Introduction	238
	II. Candidiasis	238
	III. Cryptococcosis	240
	IV. Infections due to Trichosporon	241
	V. Infections due to Blastoschizomyces capitatus	242
	VI. Infections due to Malassezia spp. VII. Infections due to Dematiaceous yeasts	243
	VIII. Conclusions	243
	References	244
	11 The Host Innate Immune Response to Pathogenic Candida albicans and Other Fungal Pathogens	246
	I. Introduction	246
	II. Host Innate Immune Response	247
	III. Coagulation Cascade and Plasminogen Binding to Pathogenic Yeast	251
	IV. Macrophage Response to Pathogenic Fungi	251
	V. Conclusions	253
	References	254
	12 Toll-Like Receptors and Fungal Recognition	256
	I. Introduction II. The Innate Immune Response	256
	III. The Family of Toll-Like Receptors	258
	IV. The Role of Non-TLR Pattern Recognition Receptors in Antifungal Immune Responses	260
	V. Relevance of Distinct TLRs in the Immune Responses to Different Fungi	261
	VI. Summary and Outlook	269
	References	270
	13 Clinical Aspects of Dermatophyte Infections	275
	I. Introduction	275
	II. Dermatophytes	275
	III. Dermatophytoses	279
	IV. Epidemiology	286
	V. Treatment	290
	VI. Conclusions	291
	References	293
	Biosystematic Index	299
	Subject Index	302