Front Cover	1
	Trace Elements – Their Distribution and Effects in the Environment	4
	Copyright Page	5
	Contents	12
	Series preface	6
	Preface	8
	Part I: General aspects	14
	Chapter 1. Distribution and effects of trace substances in soils, plants and animals	16
	Chapter 2. Natural trace element input to the soil–sediment–water–plant system: examples of background and contaminated situations in Switzerland, Eastern France and Northern Italy	46
	Chapter 3. Cadmium in the environment of Central Europe	100
	Chapter 4. Lead in the environment of Central Europe	122
	Part II: Analytical techniques	148
	Chapter 5. Instrumental techniques for trace analysis	150
	Chapter 6. Nuclear analytical techniques in atmospheric trace element studies in Portugal	200
	Chapter 7. Chemical analysis of organoarsenic based chemical warfare agents in the environment	228
	Part III: Botanical samples	256
	Chapter 8. Environment and elemental content of lichens	258
	Chapter 9. Trace metals, other chemical elements and lichen physiology: research in the nineties	290
	Chapter 10. Assessment of metal pollution of aquatic systems with the water moss Fontinalis antipyretica L. ex Hedw.- from fundamental investigations to physiological effects	336
	Chapter 11. Antimony contents in plant species growing in an Sb-mining district (Tuscany, Italy)	354
	Chapter 12. Foliar heavy metals in trees from a tropical rain forest in Sarawak	376
	Chapter 13. Trace metals in tree-rings: what do they tell us?	388
	Part IV: Zoological samples	400
	Chapter 14. Mercury induced alterations in the energetics of hepatopancreas of two freshwater molluscs, Pila globosa and Lamellidens marginalis	402
	Chapter 15. Effects of mercury on glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes in catfish	424
	Chapter 16. Body burden with metals and detoxifying abilities of the grasshopper – Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg) from industrially polluted areas	436
	Chapter 17. Environmental monitoring of heavy metals with magpie (Pica pica) feathers – an example of Polish polluted and control areas	468
	Chapter 18. Lead, zinc and cadmium in biological tissues of sheep bred in a polluted area	492
	Chapter 19. Essential and toxic elements in roe deer blood (Siena County, Italy)	498
	Chapter 20. Cadmium residue in placenta tissue and umbilical cord blood	520
	Part V: Soils and sediments	528
	Chapter 21. Geochemical behaviour of trace metals in freshwater sediments	530
	Part VI: Radionuclides	548
	Chapter 22. Spatial variability of 137Cs and 40K activity concentrations in soils and plants of alpine pastures: effects of micro- and mesotopography	550
	Chapter 23. The fate of several radionuclides derived from atmospheric fallout in a river watershed	562
	Author index	578
	Subject index	590