Cover	1
	Current Topics in Developmental Biology	2
	Copyright	5
	Contents	6
	Contributors	12
	Preface	16
	1. Green Beginnings – Pattern Formation in the Early Plant Embryo	20
	Introduction–Seeds and Embryos	21
	Landmarks of Embryo Pattern Formation	24
	Regulation of Embryo Pattern Formation	27
	Evolutionary Aspects of Plant Embryogenesis	39
	Concluding Remarks	41
	Acknowledgments	41
	References	42
	2. Light-Regulated Plant Growth and Development	48
	Multiple Photoreceptors to Sense a Variety of Light Colorsand Intensities	49
	Physiological Responses Mediated by Plant Photoreceptors	60
	Photomorphogenesis in a Changing Environment	66
	Sites of Perception and Action of a Light Signal	69
	Signal Transduction	71
	Concluding Remarks	77
	References	77
	3. Root Development–Two Meristems for the Price of One?	86
	Introduction	87
	Structure of the Root	87
	Ontogeny of Roots	89
	The Root Stem Cell Niche	95
	The Meristematic Zone	106
	Elongation	112
	Differentiation	114
	Concluding Remarks	115
	References	115
	4. Shoot Apical Meristem Form and function	122
	Introduction	123
	Shoot Apical Meristem Organization	123
	Shoot Apical Meristem Maintenance	126
	Lateral Organ Initiation	135
	Phyllotaxis	138
	Communication Between the SAM and Differentiated Tissues	141
	Floral Meristem Termination	143
	Live Imaging and Computational Modeling Technology	146
	Concluding Remarks	148
	5. Signaling Sides: Adaxial–Abaxial Patterning in Leaves	160
	Leaves Evolved Late in Land Plant History	161
	Leaves Develop from a Patterned Meristem	161
	Maintaining Polarity beyond the Meristem	162
	Determinants of Adaxial Fate—PHANTASTICA	164
	Determinants of Adaxial Fate—The HD-ZIPIII Genes	166
	Regulation of HD-ZIPIII Activity	167
	Determinants of Abaxial Fate–The KAN Genes	169
	Determinants of Abaxial Fate—The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS	171
	Regulation of ARF3 and ARF4 by the TAS3 ta-siRNA Pathway	171
	How Are These Polarized Gene Expression Domains Established?	174
	Maintenance of Organ Polarity—Cross-Talk between PolarityDeterminants	176
	Downstream Genes Regulating Medio-Lateral Blade Outgrowth	177
	Why So Complicated?	179
	Acknowledgments	181
	References	181
	6. Evolution Of Leaf Shape: A Pattern Emerges	188
	Introduction	189
	Determinacy and Leaf Dissection	189
	The Patterning of Growth During Leaf Development	191
	The Role of Auxin in Leaf Patterning	193
	What Distinguishes Lobes, Leaflets, and Blade?	194
	The Perception of Auxin Maxima and Specificationof Differential Growth	197
	Homologies in Leaf Development	198
	Acknowledgments	200
	References	200
	7. Control of Tissue and Organ Growth in Plants	204
	Introduction	205
	Description of Organ Growth	206
	Proliferative Growth Control	209
	Growth by Cell Elongation	221
	Compensation	224
	Coordination of Growth Across and Within Tissue Layers	226
	Modulation of Growth by Environmental Signals	229
	Modeling Plant Growth	230
	Concluding Remarks	232
	References	233
	8. Vascular Pattern Formation in Plants	240
	Introduction	241
	The Plant Vascular System	242
	Origin of Vascular Tissues	244
	Levels of Vascular Organization	244
	Control of Longitudinal Vascular Patterning and Integration with Organ Formation	246
	Regulation of Radial Vascular Patterning	263
	Concluding Remarks	270
	Acknowledgments	272
	Note Added in Proof	272
	References	272
	9. Stomatal Patterning and Development	286
	Introduction	287
	The Signaling Cascade: From Extracellular Signalsto Nuclear Factors	289
	Signaling through a MAP Kinase Module	297
	Transcription Factors	301
	Regulation of Stomatal Asymmetric Cell Division	307
	Concluding Remarks	312
	Key Conclusions	312
	References	312
	10. Trichome Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana: From Genetic to Molecular Models	318
	Introduction	319
	Trichome Form and Function in Plants	319
	Trichome Development in Arabidopsis thaliana	320
	Random Versus Regulated Trichome Pattern	321
	Genetic Analysis of the Core Patterning Machinery	321
	Genetic Interactions Between the Trichome Initiation Genes	324
	Expression Patterns of Patterning Genes: An Apparent Paradox	325
	Protein–Protein Interactions Between Patterning Components	326
	Transcriptional Cross-Regulation Between Patterning Genes	327
	Cellular Interactions are Mediated by Intercellular ProteinMovement	329
	Immediate Downstream Genes—or Additional PatterningComponents?	330
	The Role of Chromatin Structure in Patterning	332
	Modeling the Patterning System—Starting With Two Components	333
	Modeling the Patterning System: Global Interaction Modelsversus Solution of Discrete Problems	335
	Perspective	336
	References	336
	11. Comparative Analysis of Flowering in Annual and Perennial Plants	342
	Introduction	343
	Control of Flowering in the Annual Model Arabidopsis Thaliana	344
	Flowering in Perennials	352
	The Evolution of Plant Life Strategies	359
	Concluding Remarks	360
	References	360
	12. Sculpting the Flower	368
	miRNAs in Plant Development	369
	miR172 Functions to Control Genes that Function in both Flowering Time Control and Floral Organ Identity in Arabidopsis	373
	miR172 Functions to Regulate Inflorescence Development in Maize	380
	miR156 Regulates Phase Change and Floral Induction	382
	miR164 Regulates Genes that Function in Organ Boundary Formation	384
	miR169 Represses C Class Activity in the Perianth in Antirrhinumand Petunia	386
	miR319a Controls Floral Organ Size and Shape in Arabidopsis	387
	miR159 Regulates Genes with Broad Roles in Flower Development	388
	miR167 is Critical for Male and Female Fertility	389
	Regulation of Floral Organ Polarity by miR166	390
	Perspective and Future Challenges	390
	Acknowledgments	392
	References	392
	13. Development of Flowering Plant Gametophytes	398
	Introduction	399
	Development of the Male Gametophyte or Pollen Grain	399
	Development of the Female Gametophyte or Embryo SAC	410
	Double Fertilization: Signaling and Reception between Male and Female	419
	Concluding Remarks	422
	References	423
	Subject Index	432
	Contents of Previous Volumes	442