Front Cover	1
	The Psychology of Criminal Conduct	2
	Copyright Page	3
	Table of Contents	18
	Preface to the Fifth Edition	4
	Preface to the Fourth Edition	8
	Preface to the Third Edition	12
	Preface to the Second Edition	14
	Part 1 The Theoretical Context and Knowledge Base to the Psychology of Criminal Conduct	28
	Chapter 1 An Overview of the Psychology of Criminal Conduct	30
	Definition of the Psychology of Criminal Conduct	31
	Values at the Base of PCC	32
	Objectives of the Psychology of Criminal Conduct (PCC)	35
	Empirical Understandings and Research Designs	47
	A Preliminary Note on Meta-Analyses	59
	The Location of PCC in Psychology and Criminology	60
	Social Context as a Moderator of Individual Differences	65
	The Social Research on Aggregated Crime Rates	67
	Objections to the Goals of PCC	67
	A Look Ahead	68
	Worth Remembering	70
	Chapter 2 The Empirical Base of PCC and the RNR Model of Assessment and Crime Prevention Through Human Services	72
	The RNR Model of Correctional Assessment and Treatment	72
	The Major and Moderate Risk/Need Factors	82
	Experimental Investigations of the Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment A Quick Look at What Works and Research Support for the RNR Model	96
	Recommended Readings	105
	Chapter 3 Understanding Through Theory: Psychopathological, Psychodynamic, Social Location, and Differential Association Perspectives	106
	Psychopathological Perspectives	107
	Psychodynamic Conceptions of Human Behavior	111
	Psychodynamic Thought and Recent Psychological Advances	120
	Reformulations of Psychodynamic Theory	122
	Variations on Psychodynamic Themes in Control Theories	126
	More Recent Variations on Psychodynamic Themes	133
	Toward Social Learning via Frustration-Aggression	138
	Class-Based Sociological Theory: Social Location, Social Reaction, and Inequality	141
	Uncovering Social Psychological Value in Sociological Criminology	145
	Recommended Readings	157
	Chapter 4 A General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning Approach: The Personal, Interpersonal, and Community-Reinforcement (PIC-R) Perspective	158
	The Person in the Immediate Situation	161
	A Personal, Interpersonal, and Community-Reinforcement (PIC-R) Perspective on Criminal Conduct	166
	Relationship to Other Theories	178
	Summary	182
	Worth Remembering	182
	Part 2 The Major Risk/Need Factors of Criminal Conduct	184
	Chapter 5 Biological, Personal, and Social Origins of the Major Risk/Need Factors and Personal Strengths	186
	The Biological Basis of Criminal Behavior	188
	Heredity and Crime	188
	Evolutionary Musings	204
	Social Origins of Crime	211
	A Few Final Comments	215
	Worth Remembering	215
	Recommended Readings	217
	Chapter 6 Antisocial Personality Pattern	220
	Psychology’s View of Personality	220
	Criminology’s View of Personality	225
	Antisocial Personality as Pathology	230
	A General Personality and Social Psychological Perspective: The Antisocial Personality Pattern	245
	Worth Remembering	249
	Recommended Readings	249
	Chapter 7 The Role of Antisocial Associates and Attitudes in Criminal Conduct	252
	When Parents Lose Control: The Path to Delinquent Associates	253
	Theoretical Perspectives on Delinquent Associates	255
	Cognitions Supportive of Crime: Antisocial Attitudes	261
	Worth Remembering	272
	Recommended Readings	272
	Chapter 8 The Person in Social Context: Family, School, Work, Leisure/Recreation, Marital Attachments, and Neighborhood	274
	Family of Origin	275
	Learning to Care: The Parent-Child Relationship and the Development of Social Bonds	276
	The Family and Delinquency	279
	School	289
	Work	291
	Leisure/Recreation	293
	Marital Attachments	294
	Neighborhood	295
	Summary	298
	Worth Remembering	299
	Recommended Readings	300
	Chapter 9 Substance Abuse	302
	Alcohol Abuse	302
	Illegal Drug Abuse	310
	Dealing with Resistance to Treatment	316
	A Final Comment on Substance Abuse	320
	Worth Remembering	321
	Recommended Readings	322
	Part 3 Applications	324
	Chapter 10 Prediction of Criminal Behavior and Classification of Offenders	326
	Assessing Predictive Accuracy	328
	PCC and Prediction	333
	Offender Assessment and the Principles of Risk, Need, and Responsivity	336
	Approaches to the Assessment and Prediction of Criminal Behavior	337
	The General Applicability of Theory-Based Offender Assessment	353
	The Future of Offender Assessment	366
	Worth Remembering	369
	Recommended Readings	370
	Chapter 11 Prevention and Rehabilitation	372
	From Idealism to “Nothing Works” and Back to Human Service: The How and Why of “Nothing Works”	374
	The Martinson “Nothing Works” Debate	378
	Meta-Analytic Reviews of Treatment Effectiveness	383
	Theory and Intervention	407
	Behavioral and Social Learning Approaches	417
	Worth Remembering	419
	Recommended Readings	419
	Chapter 12 Creating and Maintaining RNR Adherence: A Real-World Challenge	420
	Brief Case Studies of Recent Failures in Correctional Treatment	424
	Major Problems	427
	Assessment Approaches to Enhancing Routine Programs	430
	Training Approaches to Effective Correctional Supervision and Treatment	433
	The Dimensions of Effective Correctional Counseling: The “What and How” of Effective Modeling and Reinforcement	434
	Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS)	441
	The Routine-Demonstration Distinction in the Validity of Risk/Need Assessment: Author Involvement in Validation Studies	448
	Cost-Benefit Evaluations	450
	Worth Remembering	452
	Recommended Readings	453
	Chapter 13 Getting Mean, Getting Even, Getting Justice: Punishment and a Search for Alternatives	454
	Criminal Justice Sanctions and Just Deserts	454
	The Effects of Imprisonment on Crime and the Community	456
	Evaluations of Intermediate Sanctions	463
	The Unfulfilled Promise of Fairness	467
	Punishment	469
	An Alternative to Retribution: Restorative Justice	478
	Worth Remembering	485
	Recommended Readings	485
	Chapter 14 Criminal Subtypes: From the Common to the Exceptional	488
	Domestic Violence Against Women	488
	The Mentally Disordered Offender (MDO)	497
	The Sex Offender	505
	Human Hunters and Predators	511
	Worth Remembering	519
	Recommended Readings	519
	Part 4 Summary and Conclusions	522
	Chapter 15 A General Personality and Social Psychology of Criminal Conduct: Summary and Conclusions	524
	Empirical Understanding	524
	Incidence and Prevalence of Criminal Activity	525
	The Correlates of Criminal Activity	525
	The Ability to Influence Crime	528
	An Understanding of Practical Value	531
	A Theoretical Understanding	533
	Some Big and Some Small Issues	533
	Giving Credit	541
	Responsibility for Programs	542
	Conclusion	543
	Recommended Readings	544
	Technical Notes	546
	Technical Note 1.1 Exploring Variability in Criminal Behavior	546
	Technical Note 1.2 Some Definitional Issues When No Act is Intrinsically Criminal	552
	Technical Note 1.3 Aggregated Crime Rates and the Ecological Fallacy	554
	Technical Note 1.4 Objections to the Goals of PCC	558
	Technical Note 2.1 Summary of Meta-Analytic Explorations of Gender-Informed Factors and the Prediction of Criminal Recidivism by Gender	562
	Technical Note 2.2 A Sample of Some Anti-Rehabilitation Themes: How to Destroy Evidence of the Effectiveness of Correctional Treatment	564
	Technical Note 4.1 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: An Overview	566
	Technical Note 5.1 Genetics and Heredity	568
	Technical Note 10.1 The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)	570
	Technical Note 11.1 How Applicable Are the Findings Regarding Appropriate Treatment with Different Types of Cases?	572
	References	576
	Index to Selected Acronyms	664
	Subject Index	668
	Name Index	682