Front Cover	1
	Nanotechnology: An Introduction	4
	Copyright	5
	Table of Contents	6
	Preface	12
	Chapter 1.What is Nanotechnology?	16
	1.1Definitions and Concepts	17
	1.2An Ostensive Definition of Nanotechnology	20
	1.3A Brief History of Nanotechnology	20
	1.4Biology as Paradigm	25
	1.5Why Nanotechnology?	26
	1.6Summary	29
	1.7Further Reading	29
	Chapter 2.The Nanoscale	30
	2.1The Size of Atoms	32
	2.2Molecules and Surfaces	33
	2.3Nucleation	35
	2.4Chemical Reactivity	36
	2.5Electronic and Optical Properties	39
	2.6Magnetic and Ferroelectric Properties	42
	2.7Mechanical Properties	43
	2.8Quantum Smallness	45
	2.9Summary	48
	2.10Further Reading	49
	Chapter 3.Forces at the Nanoscale	50
	3.1The Casimir Force	51
	3.2Intermolecular Interactions	52
	3.3 Capillary Force	60
	3.4Heterogeneous Surfaces	60
	3.5Weak Competing Interactions	63
	3.6Cooperativity	63
	3.7Percolation	64
	3.8The Structure of Water	66
	3.9Summary	66
	3.10Further Reading	67
	Chapter 4.The Nano/Bio Interface	68
	4.1The "Physical" Nano/Bio Interface	70
	4.2Nanomedicine	79
	4.3Nanotoxicology	83
	4.4Summary	85
	4.5Further Reading	86
	Chapter 5.Nanometrology	88
	5.1Topography	90
	5.2Chemical Surface Structure (Chemography)	97
	5.3The Metrology of Self-Assembly	99
	5.4The Representation of Texture	100
	5.5Metrology of the Nano/Bio Interface	107
	5.6Summary	114
	5.7Further Reading	115
	Chapter 6.Nanomaterials and their Production	116
	6.1Nanoparticles	118
	6.2Nanofibers	123
	6.3Nanoplates and Ultrathin Coatings	123
	6.4Crystallization and Supramolecular Chemistry	129
	6.5Composites	130
	6.6Summary	139
	6.7Further Reading	139
	Chapter 7.Nanodevices	140
	7.1Issues of Miniaturization	142
	7.2Digital Information Processing	144
	7.3Quantum Computing	148
	7.4Electronic Devices	150
	7.5Trends in the Miniaturization of Electronics	157
	7.6Spintronics (Magnetic Devices)	160
	7.7Photonic Devices	163
	7.8Mechanical Devices	166
	7.9Fluidic Devices	168
	7.10Summary	173
	7.11Further Reading	174
	Chapter 8.Nanofacture of Devices	176
	8.1Top–Down Methods	177
	8.2Bottom–Up Methods	181
	8.3Bottom-to-Bottom Methods	199
	8.4Summary	202
	8.5Further Reading	203
	Chapter 9. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Devices	204
	9.1Graphene	206
	9.2Carbon Nanotubes	206
	9.3Carbon Nanoparticles (Fullerenes)	210
	9.4Materials Applications	210
	9.5Device Components and Devices	211
	9.6 Summary	212
	9.7Further Reading	212
	Chapter 10.Nanosystems and their Design	214
	10.1Systems	214
	10.2 Materials selection	215
	10.3Defects in Nanograins	217
	10.4Spacial Distribution of Defects	218
	10.5Strategies to Overcome Component Failure	219
	10.6Computational Modeling	220
	10.7"Evolutionary" Design	221
	10.8Performance Criteria	223
	10.9 Scaleout	224
	10.10Standardization	224
	10.11Creative Design	225
	10.12Produceability	225
	10.13Summary	226
	10.14Further Reading	226
	Chapter 11.Bionanotechnology	228
	11.1The Structural Nature of Biomolecules	230
	11.2Some General Characteristics of Biological Molecules	231
	11.3The Mechanism of Biological Machines	231
	11.4DNA as Construction Material	236
	11.5Biosensors	237
	11.6Biophotonic Devices	237
	11.7Summary	239
	11.8Further Reading	239
	Chapter 12.The Impact of Nanotechnology	242
	12.1 Technical Revolutions	244
	12.2Scientific Impacts	247
	12.3Technical Impacts	247
	12.4Commercial and Economic Impacts	254
	12.5Environmental Impacts	256
	12.6Social Implications	257
	12.7 Impacts on Individual Psychology	259
	12.8 Some Ethical Issues	259
	12.9 Summary	260
	12.10Further Reading	261
	Appendix: Nano Neologisms	262
	Abbreviations	266
	Bibliography	268
	Index	276