Migration and Transformation	4
	Acknowledgement	6
	Contents	8
	Chapter 1: Introduction	10
	Chapter 2: Migration, Transnationalism, and Ambivalence: The Punjab–United Kingdom Linkage	21
	Chapter 3: Franco–Moroccan Transnational Space: Continuity and Transformations	70
	Chapter 4: Varying Transnational and Multicultural Activities in the Turkish–German Migration Context	109
	Chapter 5: The Emergence of Estonian–Finnish Transnational Space	164
	Chapter 6: Current Characteristics of Migrant Transnationalism	211
	Biographical Notes	229
	Index	233