|
PREFACE |
6 |
|
|
TABLE OF CONTENTS |
7 |
|
|
CHAPTER 1 SPT- AND CPT-BASED RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE RESIDUAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF LIQUEFIED SOILS |
21 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
21 |
|
|
2. Case history studies |
23 |
|
|
3. SPT-based correlation for residual strength |
27 |
|
|
4. CPT-based correlation for residual strength |
32 |
|
|
5. Concluding remarks |
37 |
|
|
Acknowledgments |
40 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
41 |
|
|
CHAPTER 2 LONG PERIOD STRONG GROUND MOTION AND ITS USE AS INPUT TO DISPLACEMENT BASED DESIGN |
43 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
43 |
|
|
2. Empirical prediction of displacement spectral response (DRS) over a broad period range |
44 |
|
|
3. Response of alluvium filled valleys and basins |
57 |
|
|
4. Overdamped spectra |
63 |
|
|
5. Hazard representations in spectral displacements |
64 |
|
|
Acknowledgements |
68 |
|
|
Notes |
68 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
69 |
|
|
CHAPTER 3 SITE EFFECTS: FROM OBSERVATION AND MODELLING TO ACCOUNTING FOR THEM IN BUILDING CODES |
73 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
73 |
|
|
2. Estimation of site effects |
75 |
|
|
3. Modelling site effects. The importance of the model |
81 |
|
|
4. Accounting for site effects in building codes |
87 |
|
|
5. Concluding remarks |
89 |
|
|
Acknowledgements |
90 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
90 |
|
|
CHAPTER 4 SOURCE AND SITE FACTORS IN MICROZONATION |
93 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
93 |
|
|
2. Input motion |
94 |
|
|
3. Site characterisation |
98 |
|
|
4. Microzonation |
100 |
|
|
5. Spectral accelerations for vulnerability assessments |
106 |
|
|
6. Conclusions |
109 |
|
|
Acknowledgements |
110 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
110 |
|
|
CHAPTER 5 A REVIEW OF LARGE-SCALE TESTING FACILITIES IN GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING |
113 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
113 |
|
|
2. Instrumented test sites |
115 |
|
|
3. Mobile laboratories |
126 |
|
|
4. Large-scale testing facilities |
133 |
|
|
5. Earthquake loading aboard geotechnical centrifuges |
138 |
|
|
6. International collaboration |
143 |
|
|
7. Summary and conclusions |
147 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
147 |
|
|
CHAPTER 6 MODELLING OF DYNAMIC SOIL PROBLEMS |
151 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
151 |
|
|
2. Constitutive modelling framework |
152 |
|
|
3. Fabric, soil stiffness and laboratory geophysics |
153 |
|
|
4. NEMISREF mitigation of foundation response |
157 |
|
|
5. Macroelement analysis |
162 |
|
|
6. Conclusions |
167 |
|
|
Acknowledgements |
168 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
168 |
|
|
CHAPTER 7 FIELD SEISMIC TESTING IN GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING |
171 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
171 |
|
|
2. Deeper seismic profiling |
172 |
|
|
3. In-situ parametric studies |
174 |
|
|
4. Conclusions |
176 |
|
|
Acknowledgments |
177 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
177 |
|
|
CHAPTER 8 LIQUEFACTION STRENGTHS OF POORLY-GRADED AND WELL-GRADED GRANULAR SOILS INVESTIGATED BY LAB TESTS |
179 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
179 |
|
|
2. Effect of grain size curve on S-wave velocity and N-value |
183 |
|
|
3. Effect of grain size distribution on cyclic strength |
189 |
|
|
4. Effect of particle gradation on post-liquefaction behavior |
198 |
|
|
5. Conclusions |
202 |
|
|
Acknowledgments |
203 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
203 |
|
|
CHAPTER 9 SHALLOW AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS UNDER FAULT RUPTURE OR STRONG SEISMIC SHAKING |
205 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
205 |
|
|
2. Fault-rupture propagation and its interaction with foundations |
206 |
|
|
3. Nonlinear response of shallow foundations to strong seismic excitation |
221 |
|
|
Acknowledgements |
230 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
230 |
|
|
CHAPTER 10 SEISMIC DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE FOUNDATIONS |
237 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
237 |
|
|
2. Ultimate limit state design of shallow foundations in Eurocode 8 |
238 |
|
|
3. Serviceability limit state design of shallow foundations for earthquake loading |
244 |
|
|
4. Spring models for shallow foundations on soil |
248 |
|
|
5. Integrated design of structure-foundation systems |
255 |
|
|
6. Conclusions |
261 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
261 |
|
|
CHAPTER 11 LIQUEFACTION PERFORMANCE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS IN PRESENCE OF A SOIL CRUST |
265 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
265 |
|
|
2. Existing background |
266 |
|
|
3. Numerical analysis of liquefaction performance |
273 |
|
|
4. Evaluation of degraded bearing capacity |
276 |
|
|
5. Evaluation of liquefaction settlements |
280 |
|
|
6. Performance-based design issues |
286 |
|
|
7. Concluding remarks |
291 |
|
|
Acknowledgments |
293 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
293 |
|
|
CHAPTER 12 SEISMIC DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATIONS FOR LIQUEFACTION EFFECTS |
297 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
297 |
|
|
2. Pile groups in laterally spreading ground |
298 |
|
|
3. Pinning effects for approach embankments |
312 |
|
|
4. Other issues and considerations |
319 |
|
|
5. Summary remarks |
320 |
|
|
Acknowledgments |
320 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
321 |
|
|
CHAPTER 13 SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES |
323 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
323 |
|
|
2. Assemblage of soil particles |
324 |
|
|
3. Some findings on seismic analysis |
330 |
|
|
4. Performance-based design |
336 |
|
|
5. Emerging trends in design |
340 |
|
|
6. Designing large urban areas against combined hazards |
341 |
|
|
7. Conclusions |
343 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
344 |
|
|
CHAPTER 14 SIMPLIFIED SEISMIC SLOPE DISPLACEMENT PROCEDURES |
347 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
347 |
|
|
2. Seismic displacement analysis |
348 |
|
|
3. Components of a seismic displacement analysis |
349 |
|
|
4. Critique of some simplified seismic displacement methods |
354 |
|
|
5. Bray and Travasarou (2007) simplified seismic displacement procedure |
360 |
|
|
6. Conclusions |
370 |
|
|
Acknowledgments |
370 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
371 |
|
|
CHAPTER 15 DEVELOPMENTS OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR MITIGATION OF LIQUEFACTION RISK |
375 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
375 |
|
|
2. Sand densification |
376 |
|
|
3. Soil improvement by grouting |
385 |
|
|
4. Dissipation of excess pore water pressure |
396 |
|
|
5. Conclusion |
402 |
|
|
Acknowledgements |
402 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
402 |
|
|
CHAPTER 16 REMEDIATION METHODS AGAINST LIQUEFACTION WHICH CAN BE APPLIED TO EXISTING STRUCTURES |
405 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
405 |
|
|
2. Remediation methods against liquefaction compiled in 1993 ( partially quoted from Yasuda, 2005a) |
406 |
|
|
3. Restrictions to be considered in remediation techniques for existing structures |
406 |
|
|
4. Remediation methods for existing raft foundations |
410 |
|
|
5. Remediation methods for existing pile foundations |
413 |
|
|
6. Remediation methods for existing embankments |
414 |
|
|
7. Remediation methods for existing sea walls |
416 |
|
|
8. Remediation methods for existing buried structures |
418 |
|
|
9. Remediation methods for existing structures affected by ground flow |
420 |
|
|
10. Concluding remarks |
424 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
425 |
|
|
CHAPTER 17 LIFELINE PERFORMANCE UNDER EXTREME LOADING DURING EARTHQUAKES |
427 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
427 |
|
|
2. Geotechnical earthquake loading |
429 |
|
|
3. Lifeline system response to earthquakes |
431 |
|
|
4. Large-scale tests of ground rupture effects on steel pipelines with elbows |
436 |
|
|
5. Lateral soil-structure interaction during ground failure |
438 |
|
|
6. Large-scale tests of ground rupture effects on HDPE pipelines |
445 |
|
|
7. Concluding remarks |
449 |
|
|
Acknowledgments |
450 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
451 |
|
|
CHAPTER 18 SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES UNDER TRANSIENT GROUND DEFORMATIONS |
453 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
453 |
|
|
2. Earthquake-induced transient ground strains |
455 |
|
|
3. Hazard maps and seismic risk assessment of underground pipeline systems |
465 |
|
|
4. Application examples |
467 |
|
|
5. Conclusions |
476 |
|
|
Acknowledgments |
476 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
477 |
|
|
CHAPTER 19 ISSUES IN SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS |
481 |
|
|
1. Introduction |
481 |
|
|
2. Overview of transportation risk assessment |
483 |
|
|
3. Application to the San Francisco Bay Area Transportation Network |
492 |
|
|
4. Conclusions |
499 |
|
|
Acknowledgment |
499 |
|
|
REFERENCES |
499 |
|
|
Index |
501 |
|