Contents	6
	Illustrations	13
	Preface	18
	Abbreviations	20
	Introduction	26
	Part I The nature of transport	30
	1 Transport and economic development	34
	2 Population, land use and travel	51
	3 Traffic, its impacts and public attitudes	70
	Part II The evolution of transport policy and planning	90
	4 Before mass motorisation: The period to 1955	92
	5 The motorway age (1955–79)	104
	6 The Conservatives after 1979: ‘Rolling back the state’	121
	7 The 1990s paradigm shift: New realism and sustainable development	134
	8 A new deal for transport?: New Labour 1997–2004	148
	Part III Ends and means	166
	9 The State and its role	168
	10 Institutional arrangements	182
	11 Policy aims: Issues, objectives and targets	201
	12 Policy instruments (1): Infrastructure investment	217
	13 Policy instruments (2): The regulation of vehicles, operators and services	232
	14 Policy instruments (3): The regulation of traffic and development	248
	15 Policy instruments (4): Fiscal measures	267
	16 Behavioural change measures (‘Smarter Choices’)	283
	Part IV Strategies, plans and planning procedures	300
	17 National planning	302
	18 Regional strategies	318
	19 Local development frameworks, community strategies and area agreements	336
	20 Local transport plans	355
	21 Project appraisal	373
	22 The approval of plans and projects	392
	Part V The contemporary policy agenda	410
	23 The immediate agenda	412
	24 Future scenarios and strategic choices	433
	25 Postscript: Thinking afresh	458
	Bibliography	474
	Government publications	481
	Index	486