Contents	8
	Preface	10
	Acknowledgements	12
	On Cloning: An Introduction	14
	WHAT IS CLONING?	15
	EMBRYO SPLITTING	16
	NUCLEAR REPLACEMENT	18
	POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS	19
	TECHNICAL PROBLEMS	24
	THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE	26
	WHY, DESPITE THE PROBLEMS, WE MUST PURSUE RESEARCH WHICH USES CNR	29
	THE REACTION TO THE BIRTH OF DOLLY	32
	WHY HAS CLONING PROVED SUCH A SEDUCTIVE IDEA?	35
	NINE CASES	44
	Human Dignity and Reproductive Autonomy	47
	HUMAN DIGNITY	47
	GOD – THE GREATEST CLONING TECHNOLOGIST	48
	INSTRUMENTALISATION	52
	AUTONOMY AGAIN	61
	GENETIC VARIABILITY	63
	MORAL NOSE	65
	IS IT POSSIBLE TO BE TOO REASONABLE?	67
	DOES THE LEGISLATIVE RESPONSE TO DOLLY CONSTITUTE AN ATTACK ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND DIGNITY?	68
	PROCREATIVE AUTONOMY AND THE RIGHT TO FOUND A FAMILY	70
	JOHN ROBERTSON	76
	The Welfare of the Child	80
	THE PERSONAL QUESTION	81
	THE GENERAL QUESTION	82
	1. PERSONAL CONSIDERATIONS	82
	2. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS	85
	3. THE GENERAL AND THE PERSONAL IN THE BRAZIER REPORT AND THE HFE ACT	86
	4. PROCREATIVE AUTONOMY	88
	SOME NEW ARGUMENTS FROM ONORA O’NEILL	90
	CONFUSED RELATIONSHIPS	91
	AMBIGUOUS RELATIONSHIPS	94
	SUB-OPTIMAL PARENTING	97
	THE NON-IDENTITY PROBLEM	99
	INSTRUMENTALISATION AND CHILD WELFARE	101
	A FAIRYTALE	101
	THE RIGHT TO AN OPEN FUTURE	102
	HIGH EXPECTATIONS AND NO ‘OPEN FUTURE’	104
	SOCIETAL PREJUDICE AND RESPECT FOR CLONES	105
	Safety and Danger	107
	1. SAFETY	107
	2. SAFETY	122
	Therapeutic Cloning and Stem Cell Research and Therapy	126
	WHAT IS THERAPEUTIC CLONING?	126
	1. WHAT ARE THE ETHICAL ISSUES?	127
	2. WHY EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS?	129
	3. STEM CELL RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY	132
	4. THE ETHICS OF STEM CELL RESEARCH	138
	1. LESSONS FROM SEXUAL REPRODUCTION	141
	2. CONSISTENCY WITH ATTITUDES TO AND MORAL BELIEFS ABOUT ABORTION AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTION	154
	3. THE PRINCIPLE OF WASTE AVOIDANCE	155
	Conclusion	156
	HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE CLONING – SAFETY ISSUES	157
	THERAPEUTIC CLONING – SAFETY ISSUES	158
	Notes	160
	Bibliography	178
	Index	190
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