DEDICATIONS	7
	CONTENTS	9
	LIST OF FIGURES	11
	SERIES EDITOR’S PREFACE	14
	LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS	16
	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	20
	LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS	22
	INTRODUCTION	26
	PART I RELIGIOUS SPECULATION AND SOCIAL THOUGHT	35
	1. JESUS AS MOTHER AND ABBOT AS MOTHER	43
	2. CRUSADING AS AN ACT OF LOVE	69
	3. THE ORDERS OF SOCIETY IN THE ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH CENTURIES	87
	PART II REFORM AND GROWTH IN THE CLERICAL HIERARCHY	111
	4. CANOSSA AND THE UNGENDERING OF THE PUBLIC MAN	117
	5. THE PRIEST’S WIFE	136
	6. SECULAR CLERGY ANDRELIGIOUS LIFE	166
	7. THE CARDINALS’ VIEW OF THE PAPACY, 1150-1300	191
	PART III WOMEN AND THE PRACTICE OF ASCETICISM AND CONTEMPLATION	214
	8. WERE THERE TWELFTH-CENTURY CISTERCIAN NUNS?	221
	9. MARY MAGDALEN AND THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE	250
	10. HEARING IS BELIEVING CLARISSAN ARCHITECTURE, C. 1213-1340	272
	11. “MEN’S DUTY TO PROVIDE FOR WOMEN’S NEEDS”	293
	PART IV INCREASING VIOLENCE AND EXCLUSION	318
	12. THE CREATION OF A CHRISTIAN ARMORY AGAINST ISLAM	325
	13. BODIES IN THE JEWISH-CHRISTIAN DEBATE	345
	14. DESECRATION OF THE HOST	359
	15. THE TWO FACES OF SECULAR VIOLENCE AGAINST JEWS	372
	INDEX	401
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