Agile Database Techniques: Effective Strategies for the Agile Software Developer	5
	Contents	9
	Foreword by Jon Kern	19
	Foreword by Douglas K. Barry	21
	Acknowledgments	23
	Introduction	25
	The Audience for This Book	26
	Why the Focus on Agile DBAs?	27
	An Overview	27
	About the Author	29
	Part One: Setting the Foundation	31
	Chapter 1: The Agile Data Method	33
	Why Working Together Is Currently Hard	34
	Detecting That You Have a Problem	36
	The Agile Movement	37
	The Philosophies of Agile Data	40
	Agile Data in a Nutshell	41
	Agile Software Developers	46
	Does Agile Data Solve Our Problems?	47
	Summary	48
	Chapter 2: From Use Cases to Databases — Real-World UML	49
	An Overview of Object-Oriented Concepts	50
	An Introduction to the Unified Modeling Language ( UML)	53
	A UML Profile for Data Modeling	68
	Summary	80
	Chapter 3: Data Modeling 101	81
	The Role of the Agile DBA	82
	What Is Data Modeling?	82
	How to Model Data	89
	How to Become Better at Modeling Data	97
	Summary	98
	Chapter 4: Data Normalization	99
	Why Data Normalization?	100
	The Role of the Agile DBA	100
	The Rules of Data Normalization	100
	Summary	107
	Chapter 5: Class Normalization	109
	How Does Class Normalization Relate to Other Object Design Practices?	110
	The Role of the Agile DBA	110
	The Rules of Class Normalization	110
	Summary	116
	Chapter 6: Relational Database Technology, Like It or Not	117
	Relational Database Technology	118
	Coupling: Your Greatest Enemy	122
	Additional Challenges with Relational Databases	125
	Encapsulation: Your Greatest Ally	126
	Beyond Relational Databases: You Actually Have a Choice	128
	Summary	133
	Chapter 7: The Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch	135
	The Role of the Agile DBA	136
	The Technological Impedance Mismatch	136
	The Cultural Impedance Mismatch	141
	Summary	143
	Chapter 8: Legacy Databases — Everything You Need to Know But Are Afraid to Deal With	145
	The Role of the Agile DBA	146
	Sources of Legacy Data	148
	Understanding Common Problems with Legacy Data	149
	Strategies for Working with Legacy Data	164
	Data Integration Technologies	171
	Summary	172
	Part Two: Evolutionary Database Development	173
	Chapter 9: Vive L’ Évolution	175
	The Need for Methodological Flexibility	176
	Beware of Data-Oriented BDUF	177
	Evolutionary Development on a Project	180
	The “ Natural Order” of Things and Evolutionary Development	183
	Summary	185
	Chapter 10: Agile Model-Driven Development ( AMDD)	187
	The Role of the Agile DBA	188
	What Is Agile Modeling?	188
	When Is a Model Agile?	193
	What Is Agile Model-Driven Development ( AMDD)?	193
	Agile Documentation	194
	Summary	196
	Chapter 11: Test-Driven Development ( TDD)	197
	How Does TDD Work?	198
	The Steps of TDD	198
	TDD and Traditional Testing	201
	TDD and Documentation	201
	Test-Driven Database Development	202
	TDD and Agile Model-Driven Development ( AMDD)	203
	Summary	204
	Chapter 12: Database Refactoring	205
	Refactoring	206
	Database Refactoring	207
	Why Database Refactoring Is Hard	209
	How to Refactor Your Database	212
	Common Database Refactoring Smells	222
	Adopting Database Refactoring within Your Organization	223
	Database Refactoring Best Practices	225
	Database Refactoring in the Real World	226
	Summary	227
	Chapter 13: Database Encapsulation Strategies	229
	Database Encapsulation Layers	230
	The Role of the Agile DBA	231
	Encapsulation-Layer Architectures	232
	Encapsulation-Layer Implementation Strategies	235
	Marshaling and Data Validation	250
	Error Handling	250
	Summary	251
	Chapter 14: Mapping Objects to Relational Databases	253
	The Role of the Agile DBA	254
	Basic Mapping Concepts	255
	Mapping Inheritance Structures	261
	Mapping Object Relationships	274
	Mapping Class Scope Properties	288
	Why Data Schemas Shouldn’t Drive Object Schemas	291
	Implementation Impact on Your Objects	294
	Implications for the Model Driven Architecture ( MDA)	295
	Patternizing the Mappings	296
	Summary	297
	Chapter 15: Performance Tuning	299
	An Overview of Performance Tuning	299
	The Role of the Agile DBA	301
	Step One: Identify a Performance Problem	301
	Step Two: Profile the Problem	301
	Step Three: Tune the Problem Away	303
	Summary	315
	Chapter 16: Tools for Evolutionary Database Development	317
	Tools	317
	Sandboxes	321
	Scripts	323
	Summary	324
	Part Three: Practical Data-Oriented Development Techniques	325
	Chapter 17: Implementing Concurrency Control	327
	The Role of the Agile DBA	328
	Collisions	328
	Understanding Transactions	333
	Summary	340
	Chapter 18: Finding Objects in Relational Databases	341
	The Role of the Agile DBA	341
	Find Strategies	342
	Implementation Techniques	347
	Representing Find Results	350
	Summary	354
	Chapter 19: Implementing Referential Integrity and Shared Business Logic	355
	The Role of the Agile DBA	356
	How Object Technology Complicates Referential Integrity	356
	Where Should You Implement Referential Integrity?	365
	Summary	372
	Chapter 20: Implementing Security Access Control	373
	The Role of the Agile DBA	374
	Authentication	374
	Authorization	375
	Effective Security Strategies	384
	Summary	386
	Chapter 21: Implementing Reports	387
	The Role of the Agile DBA	388
	Database Deployment Architecture	390
	Reporting within Your Application	392
	Reporting outside Your Application	395
	Database Design Strategies	395
	Implementation Strategies	396
	Challenges That Make Reporting Hard	397
	Summary	398
	Chapter 22: Realistic XML	399
	The Role of the Agile DBA	400
	An XML Primer	400
	Practical Applications for XML	404
	Vocabularies	405
	How to Model XML	406
	XML Mapping and Data Binding	410
	How to Persist XML in Relational Databases	412
	How to Persist XML in XML Databases	413
	XML Development Strategies	415
	Summary	416
	Part Four: Adopting Agile Database Techniques	417
	Chapter 23: How You Can Become Agile	419
	You Don’t Have to Be Superhuman	419
	Agility Is Really Just a Mindset	420
	Become a Generalizing Specialist	421
	Summary	423
	Chapter 24: Bringing Agility into Your Organization	425
	Change the Way You Look at Software Development	426
	Understand the Challenges You Face	427
	Actually Try It	429
	Block Nonagile Coworkers	429
	Be Realistic	430
	Parting Thoughts	431
	Appendix: Database Refactoring Catalog	433
	References and Suggested Reading	451
	Index	459